Ethiopia, known historically as Abyssinia, holds a unique place in African history as one of the few nations never to be colonized. Despite multiple attempts by European powers, Ethiopia successfully resisted foreign rule, cementing its legacy as a symbol of African sovereignty and resilience.
Following the Berlin Conference in the late 19th century, Italy set its sights on Ethiopia, determined to expand its influence. However, in 1896, at the Battle of Adwa, outnumbered Ethiopian forces delivered a crushing defeat to the Italian army, effectively ending Italy’s first colonization campaign.
Yet, Italy did not forget its defeat. In 1935, under Benito Mussolini’s fascist regime, Italy launched another invasion. This time, Ethiopia endured five years of occupation, but the country never succumbed to full colonization.
What was the secret behind Ethiopia’s ability to resist colonization when many of its neighbors fell under Western control? Professor Lumumba unpacks this pivotal chapter of Ethiopia’s past, exploring the military strategy, leadership, and national unity that secured the country’s independence.
