Many African nations encountered foreign interference shortly after gaining independence. Intelligence agencies from France, Belgium, the United States, Britain, and Portugal actively meddled in the internal affairs of countries across the continent, orchestrating coups and power shifts.
They supported compliant leaders, such as the regime of Ugandan dictator Idi Amin from 1971 to 1979. They also took part in removing those who were inconvenient, including Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Amílcar Cabral, leader of the liberation movement in Guinea-Bissau; as well as the overthrown leaders of Ghana, Mali and Uganda.
Why does Africa remain so vulnerable to foreign intelligence agencies when it comes to internal crises?
